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Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most important causes of infant’s death, and the identification of its factors has been the subject of many studies. Some new evidence suggested the role of vitamin D in the occurrence of sepsis in infants. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of vitamin D in neonates with sepsis in the first week of birth and healthy neonates. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 72 term neonates (36 neonates with sepsis as case and 36 healthy neonates as control group) who refereed to Bandar Abbas children’s hospitals, Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2016-2017. Results: Serum vitamin D levels were measured in all infants and their mothers in both sepsis and control groups. In addition, data collected, including sex, birth weight, C-reactive protein (CRP), and duration of hospitalization in neonates with sepsis. Mean serum level of vitamin D was 18.52 ±11.49 ng/mL in sepsis and 20.52 ±13.75 ng/mL in control group neonates (P≥0.05). The mean maternal serum level of vitamin D in sepsis group was 22.44 ±11.26 ng/mL and in control group was 24.36 ±12.82 ng/mL (P≥0.05). There was a positive correlation between maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels in the sepsis group (r=0.803) and the control group (r=0.756). However, there was no significant difference between vitamin D level and CRP (P=0.148) and length of stay (P=0.396) in the sepsis group. Conclusion: Although the results of the present study showed a correlation between serums vitamin D levels in mothers and neonates with neonatal sepsis, there was no significant vitamin D level between neonates with and without sepsis.

Keywords: Serum Vitamin D, Sepsis, Neonate

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